How does hyperkalemia affect the T wave on an EKG?

Hyperkalemia, which refers to elevated levels of potassium in the blood, has a well-documented effect on the T wave of an electrocardiogram (EKG). As potassium levels increase, the T waves typically become tall and peaked. This phenomenon occurs because elevated potassium shifts the resting membrane potential of cardiac myocytes, making them more depolarized. The increased potassium levels lead to a more rapid repolarization during the cardiac cycle, which is represented by the T wave on the EKG.

Tall, peaked T waves are characteristic of hyperkalemia and can serve as an important diagnostic feature in identifying this condition. As potassium levels continue to rise, the T waves may become even more pronounced, sometimes leading to other changes in the EKG, but the peak appearance remains a key indicator. Recognition of this change is crucial in clinical practice, as hyperkalemia can be life-threatening and requires prompt intervention. Hence, option B accurately describes how hyperkalemia affects the T wave on an EKG.